The Fictional Character Cleopatra Essay - 1428 Words

The Fictional Character Cleopatra The fictional character of Cleopatra has captured the imaginations of people the world over. Helen of Troy was said to have had ‘the face that launched a thousand ships.’ Cleopatra was not simply a beautiful and passive face, but indeed commanded navies as well as the heart of the powerful Mark Antony. Looking at these two facts from the play one may see the political brilliance in her affections, but also the dichotomy. Which one of her loves is true, and which is of an illusory nature? There is a constant battle between her passion towards the mighty Roman and her yearning for sovereignty and the glory of Egypt on her own terms. This question certainly embroils the†¦show more content†¦As the ‘virgin queen’ she bore no heirs, and curiously Shakespeare’s works have a distinct lack of mother characters. Cleopatra, historically the mother of Julius Caesar and Mark Antony’s children, is only referred to as a matriarch once and briefly in this particular play. Motherhood was not a new theme for women characters, but power, lust, learnedness, intelligence, and ambition were somewhat more novel. Cleopatra is seen by people of the 21st century as the last symbolic link with the glorious and opulent empire of ancient Egypt. This view would have been largely shared by the audience of the 17th century as well. There has always been a human fascination with power and abundance. Antony and Cleopatra is richly endowed with imagery of this. The barge she sat in, like a burnished throne Burned on the water. The poop was beaten gold; Purple the sails, and so perfumed that The winds were love-sick with them. The oars were silver, Which to the tune of flutes kept stroke, and made The water which they beat to follow faster, As amorous of their strokes. For her own person, It beggared all description. She did lie In her pavilion-cloth of gold, ofShow MoreRelatedCleopatra Confesses By Carolyn Meyer Summary1604 Words   |  7 PagesCarolyn Meyer wrote the book â€Å"Cleopatra Confesses,† published in 2011. Although this book is a historical fictional book, the story holds some legitimate truths and emotions could have definitely existed during the times of survival mode and obsession for authority. The book starts in the first century B.C and Cleopatra is the third children of six and is the one that is chosen to be the future queen of Egypt. However, when the Pharaoh King Ptolemy, is involuntarily ex iled, the future queen is leftRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Hamlet And Macbeth 1854 Words   |  8 PagesReference to their Fitness for Stage Representation†: â€Å"The things aimed at in theatrical representation are to arrest the spectator s eye upon the form and the gesture, and so to gain a more favourable hearing to what is spoken : it is not what the character is, but how he looks; not what he says, but how he speaks it.†1 I believe what Lamb is saying is that he has a problem with the way â€Å"theatricality†, or perhaps more accurately staging, can serve as a distraction to the spectator from the actual writingRead MoreThe Divine Comedy : Inferno Ira2454 Words   |  10 Pagesventure to the second circle of hell, which is reserved for the lustful. In the second circle, Dante finds souls being tortured and sentenced by Minos who decides which circle of hell they are condemned to. Dante finds that famous mistresses such as Cleopatra and He len of Troy reside here; he also meets a woman named Francesca who was caught cheating on her husband (who kills her and her lover), and Dante pities her damnation as it was for love. In the third circle of hell, the glutinous are forced toRead MoreThe Role Of The Working Women1620 Words   |  7 Pagesthere were women like Mata Hari who was out on the field making the known title of a powerful female who is now considered a cultural icon. Mata Hari was very successful at her job, however, to this day women are being portrayed similarly to this character with this sexual depiction. Women worked harder than being remembered for their appearance rather, as mentioned by Tammy Proctor in Female Intelligence: Women and Espionage in the First World War: In contrast to popular myth, many women who assumedRead More Locating Macbeth at the Thresholds of Time, Space and Spiritualism 2629 Words   |  11 Pagespossibly contributes to the theatrical superstition that surrounds its production to this day. Nevertheless, it seems curious to me the play is seldom discussed as one that focuses on madness, when it deals with two of the most insane and depraved characters in all of Shakespeare. 1 It seems curious to me that Shakespeare’s tragedies so often revolve around common themes of â€Å"Madness, Dementia, Insanity,† and there is much scholarship as to how this discourse of madness should be interpreted1, butRead MoreVirgina Woolf and Feminism Essay1763 Words   |  8 PagesTrevelyan describes life for women during the time as being restricted. He also comments on the women in Shakespeares works. He believes that these women were not wanting in personality and character. The narrator agrees with his analysis. She points out that great women such as Cleopatra, and characters like Lady Macbeth, and Phaedra were all powerful women. However, despite women being glorified in fiction, in real life they still were not part of history. I think the narrator is makingRead MoreKing Solomons Mines Analysis2535 Words   |  11 Pagesbestseller in England and printed over half a million copies in Haggards lifetime (Haggard vii). Other notable books include She (1887), Jess (1887), and Allan Quatermain (1887) all based in Africa. In several novels he wrote of ancient Egypt such as Cleopatra (1889). In 1891 the death of his mother and son Arthur John were devastating blows (Haggard viii). He continuously wrote books, but his writing had lost momentum. Haggard was a skilled farmer, and knew a lot about farming and agriculture. He servedRead MoreThe Educated Imagination3194 Words   |  13 Pagesjob is not to tell you what happened, but what happens: not what d id take place, but the kind of thing that always takes place†(p. 63). From this point, he concludes that literature is concerned with symbolic action, that literary or mythological characters are typical, and that the world of poet imagery is â€Å"totally symbolic† (p. 75). He then moves to the principle of â€Å"literature as a whole† (p. 49): â€Å"you don’t just read one poem or novel after another, but enter into a complete world of which everyRead MoreReview of Virginia Woolfs Shakespeares Sister3106 Words   |  13 Pagesfrom her literary essay A Room of One’s Own. In this chapter, which is the essay on Shakespeare’s Sister, she considers the question of why no women writers are represented in the canon of Elizabethan drama. To explore the issue, Woolf invents a fictional and mythical sister, Judith, for William Shakespeare and compares the barriers brothers and sisters would have encountered in achieving success as playwright. Imaginatively, Woolf despairs of Judith’s having possessed a genius equal t o her brother’sRead MoreGreek Mythology: Influences and Effect to Greek Civilization5325 Words   |  22 PagesMycenaean culture through the Trojan war which included several aspects of the Mycenaean culture that were no longer evident in his time since he described the palace-states that no longer existed and other aspects of the Mycenaean era that seemed fictional to his listeners (Rosenburg, 1984; Osborne, 1996). Greek mythology influenced the religion, culture and life style of the Greeks; however, Greek mythology was clearly influenced and changed by the history of ancient Greece (Osborne, 1996; Camps

Exceptional Students Essay - 1534 Words

Exceptional Students Every year there are changes made about a child’s education, in the attempt to provide the best education possible for children. In recent years, the education of students with disabilities, who were previously not educated in the regular school system, has been publicly debated. The idea of inclusion, or mainstreaming has received a great deal of support. Although there is the need to adapt programs and sometimes classroom environments for the child with special needs, there are many benefits for all that are included in this situation. This paper will define the phrase â€Å"mainstreaming†, and what constitutes a child with disabilities. The role that teachers play within the classroom is one that will†¦show more content†¦Obviously, children who have disabilities are going to require some form of adjustment to their program or classroom. Although teachers have had many mixed feelings about the inclusion of children into regular classes, many benefits exist not only for the child with special needs, but also for the teacher and regular students as well. For teachers having some knowledge about disabilities tends to increase their confidence in working with students that do have special needs. They have an increased chance of developing more personal relationships with the parents of these students, and are required to work with parents, professionals and specialists to develop beneficial programs for these special students. The attitude teachers’ display in the classroom towards childre n with disabilities will reflect the way children without disabilities treat these disabled children. If teachers are understanding and sensitive to the needs of the disabled student, other students will be also. Children often learn to be more accepting of classmates and interact with them as individuals. This often helps to diminish stereotyping of handicapped people. Being placed in a regular school setting is very beneficial for the disabled child also. They often have more success academically and socially when they are included, and are better prepared for the real world. Being enrolled in special education classes may give a great deal of individual attention, but whenShow MoreRelatedEffective Assessment For Exceptional Ebd Students4570 Words   |  19 PagesEffective assessment for exceptional EBD students A best practice for assessment is a process of addressing the emotional and behavioral concerns of a student. In short, the student would be referred to a Response to Intervention Team (RTI) to determine what school based supports and or interventions could be put into place to help the student. If the interventions are not successful, then the student can be referred for EC evaluations to determine if they are in need of special education servicesRead MoreInterview With The Secretary Of The Exceptional Student Education Program1424 Words   |  6 Pagesthe secretary of the Exceptional Student Education program, Mrs. Bixler, I received and learned a lot of information about what kind of policies and accommodations have been and are made for students in the Exceptional Student Education and English Language Learner programs at Flagler Palm Coast High School and in the Flagler County School District. Without question, the most helpful piece of information I received was the Notice of Procedural Safeguards for Parents of Students with Disabilities brochureRead MoreBullying Interventions That Support Exceptional Education Students914 Words   |  4 Pagesunconducive to learning. Bullying can also have a negative effect on not just the regular student, but the exceptional education student as well. Because of the growing epidemic (trend) of bullying, it is a need to further research the effects that bullying has on the special education student. These facts lead to the proposed research topic, â€Å"Bullying Interventions that support exceptional education students†. The following literature review will attempt to support the proposed topic. In theRead MoreBeing A Nurse Is An Exceptional Choice For A Student s Future960 Words   |  4 Pagessurpassed growth in the U.S. population. Job security, health benefits, perseverance and self-worth make choosing the registered nursing program an excellent choice for a student’s future. To begin, going to school to be a registered nurse is an exceptional choice. The demand for nurses is high and only keeps growing every day. There will always be a need for nurses and doctors. Going to school to be a nurse is a significant choice because nurses/doctors will always be needed somewhere in the worldRead MoreFlorida s Laws Regarding The Instruction Of Exceptional Students751 Words   |  4 Pagesthe instruction of Exceptional students (Fla. Stat. 1003.57) reflect the national IDEA rulings. In addition, they specify that each school district must be in compliance with state law and provide not only instruction, but also the professional services for diagnosis and evaluation of student needs. Florida law requires that the student be served in regular school facilities if at all possible and that the facilities and services must be modified to meet the needs of the students. Segregation intoRead MoreFederalism in Government Policy toward Education Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesAmericas disadvantaged students that lived in poverty. The ESEA helped improve education from grades k-12 across the United States for thirty six years. When Congress approached the same program in 2001 it was reauthorized and improved (Exceptional Parent p70). As of 2001 the ESEA became known as the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). This new act sparked an entirely new level in the effectiveness of educational systems. The NCLBs first action was helping the students with the lowest achievementRead MoreObservation And Reflection Of The Classroom881 Words   |  4 PagesObservation and Reflection Students can enhance their lives with the ability to find and seek knowledge being taught language arts. Creating the foundation to be successful in life includes have the capabilities to analyze, read, and write. When a student is prepared with the ability to comprehend languages, words and interacting on various heights, they have the authority to exceed in their elected journey. During the observation, difficulties, techniques, and successes were viewed in regards toRead MoreThe Fallacy Of Valuing College Majors1283 Words   |  6 Pagesexample. An entrepreneur regarded as one of the most influential people in the world by many media outlets throughout society, most notably Time Magazine. Musk is a proclaimed leader of the environmental preservation movement and still maintains an exceptional understanding and influence in both government and society. To argue that he lacks intellectual curiosity or innovation because he’s not a major in Liberal Arts is absurd, consideri ng he’s one of the most innovative entrepreneurs of our time. MuskRead MoreThe Internet and Academic Dishonesty1002 Words   |  4 Pagesof paper mills is rising at an alarming rate. [] Most paper services fall under one of two categories: editing sites and paper mills. Editin sites seem harmless from an academic standpoint: students can have their papers proofread at any time, with quick turnovers in the case of looming deadlines. The students write their own papers and the editors merely mark areas that need improvement and give general guidelines for grammar and stylistic changes. Of course, most people would be unwilling to payRead MoreGraduation Speech : Succeeding By Choice1297 Words   |  6 PagesWhen there is a lack of professors at a college or institution, many classes become over-capacitated. Some students find it very hard to completely understand what the professor is teaching because there are so many students in the class. For example, students could be disturbed by that one student always chomping on crunchy chips during the lesson, excessive gossiping from a group of students in the back of class, or maybe even by the way the teacher speaks or pro nounces their words. Although an over

A Comparative Study on Family Education Free Essays

Abstract: In a lifetime , family is the first school , in which parents are the first teachers for the children . Children are the hopes of a nation , and family education is the elementary education for children . There are many types of family education in the world and each of them shows distinctive features and is closely responsive to its culture . We will write a custom essay sample on A Comparative Study on Family Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now And American family education is the most famous one among them . There are great differences in the concepts of education , aim of education , methods of education and contents of education between American family education and Chinese family education . This thesis will complete the comparative study from the differences , the reasons and the results of family education between America and China . The author hopes to find a satisfied family education method through comparing the differences between American family education and Chinese family education . At the same time , the author hopes this thesis can provide some helpful suggestions for family education in order to make children grow more healthily and roundly . Keywords: family education childeren differences education for all-around development Main Body: . The differences of family education between America and China: 1. The concepts of family education are different . The different education concepts between America and China lead children to receive differert education . In China , many parents only care about whether the children have a promising future , a good job , a good life or not . Based on these expectations , the majority of parents feel that their responsibility for their children is to create as good conditions as possible they can so that the children will not worry about anything in the future . Chinese parents would like to provide everything what they can for their children in the process of children’s growth . In short , they would like to sacrifice anything if their children can live better with their help . Therefore, in the process of children’s growth, the most important thing the parents concerning is to develop their children’s intellect , except for caring children’s daily life . In order to make their children have a good performance in study , become outstanding , or even become a famous person n the future , they would not let children do anything except studying . Contrastively , American parents generally believe that the growth of childeren must rely on their own strength and experiences. Based on this concept , most American parents emphasize more to train their children’s ability of independence once they are born because they think that children should form a self-supporting will and the capacity to live independently sin ce their childhood . And the capacity comes from the training in the early age . In the film ?Gua Sha Treatment? , there is a scene that Datong orderded his son to apologize to his boss’s son when his saw his son was fighting with his boss’s son . What’s more , he slapped his son in the face when his son refused to apologize , which gave his boss aquite a shock . His boss became confused why the father would show the regret by striking his son . This scene and the boss’s confusion reflect the different concepts between the two countries . Traditonal Chinese family education emphasize kindheartedness and bedience , so we can say that Chinese parents like Datong in the film always want to model their children . On the contrary , America children have more rights of autonomy because their parents emphasis on justice and freedom in the process of family education . 2. The aim of family education are different . The aim of family education is to foster the childeren to grow in some direction by family education . It is the restrictive factor for the direction of family education , deciding the general effect of it . So the aim of family education is the core of family education and the fundamental reason for the differences between the two countries on family education . There is an essential difference between two countrys’ aim of family education , with to expect the child to become an outstanding personage and to hope the child to be an comprehensive and independent person giving expressions to the difference . To most Chinese parents , the aim is expecting their child to be a â€Å" dragon † , which is â€Å" wang zi cheng long † in Chinese . But American parents take hoping the child to be a man of ability which is â€Å" wang zi cheng ren † in Chinese as their aim . For Chinese parents, their aim is to do anyting to support their children to get high marks . What forms apparent contrast to it is , America parents give their children more training about improving abilities . They try to train their children to have the ability of adapting to environmental variety and the ability of living independently . 3. The methods are different between America and China . The differences of concepts and aim cause the childen to be taught by different ways and methods . In Chinese family , affected by Chinese traditional culture , parents educate children by â€Å" control † and â€Å" seal † type . There are three tips for it : (1)Chinese parents prepare all things for their children in daily life . In Chinese family , children don’t have to do any housework . (2)Chinese parents protect the children to excess in social activities . Many children are prevented from exposure to the outer world because their parents worry about children’s being affected by bad things . (3)Chinese parents have a rather strict attitude toward children’s study . Parents regard the grades as the only standard for future success . â€Å" Tasks Sea † strategy is often used in study . Chinese children are tired of doing many extra exercises . So Chinese children spend more time in studying than doing other things . What about America children ? Let’s talk about the famous film ?The Pacifier? . In the film , it may be unconcious , but Shane Wolfe had let the kids master many skills by training them during the time when he cared them . So American parents bring up their children by the method of â€Å" letting go † but â€Å" not indulging † to exercise children’s abilities of independent living . 4. The different contents of family education between America and China . The differences of family education between the two countries are also reflected in the contents of family education . Although the contents of Chinese family education can also devided into moral education , intellectual education , physical education and artistic education , but intellectual education has been the most important one since they go to school . However , the contents of American family education is abundant , which pay more attention to the harmonious development of language , emotion , knowledge and so on . It is so-called â€Å" education for all-around development † . How to cite A Comparative Study on Family Education, Essays

Social Performance as a Business Strategy - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about Social Performance as a Business Strategy. Answer: Background This business plan is about fashion boutique named Xenia Boutique operating in Australia. Xenia Boutique is a small boutique which is operating at the local level in Australia. Xenia Boutique is the start-up retail which is selling out fashionable clothing products to women. The boutique is located in Australia which is also famous as the tourist destination. The key objective of this boutique is to establish strong brand name with the effective business. This report provides an effective business plan for Xenia Boutique in order to meet the needs and demands of the customers (Hoskisson, 2009). Mission The mission of Xenia Boutique is to provide new way of fashion to female customers based on the quality and styles (Xenia Boutique, 2017). Business goals The business goals of Xenia Boutique are to differentiate itself from existing boutiques in the Australian market. This objective is achieved by providing stylish and quality clothing products to female customers. The basic objective of the boutique is to provide excellent shopping experience to the customers. So, Xenia Boutique is focused on providing the clothing products in all the size and shapes for women. Along with this, the aim is to make purchasing easy, efficient and affordable for the customers (Payne Holt, 2008). Marketing Market research Xenia Boutique targets female customers for its clothing products. The current population of Australia is 24.13 million and there are 54% women of total population. So, it is easy for Xenia Boutique to target women by providing them various types of clothing products in order to meet their demands. Women always seek for the clothing products those are comfortable as well as fashionable. Xenia Boutique targets tourists also as Australia is famous among travelers in all over the world. People come in Australia to spend their vacations and they enjoy shopping also. So, Xenia Boutique takes advantage from tourists (Schnaars, 2010). Market analysis Fashion boutique is profitable business in the retail fashion industry including various changing styles and demands of the customers. The reason is that customers always seek for the excellent shopping experience of the shopping. In current time, women are doing jobs and they want various clothes for all purpose like casual wears and business wears. So, demand of the clothing products among female customers is very high in the retail market (Preble Hoffman, 2009). In order to understand the requirements of the customers, Xenia Boutique has established in team so that feedback from the important customers can be gathered. Although, there are various established boutiques in the Australian market but Xenia Boutique is trying to establish strong brand image by its effective marketing strategies (Jones Hayes, 2008). Marketing plan Products Xenia Boutique has combination of various clothing products for women customers. The boutique provides wide range of clothes from selected fashion designers. Company is also using modern fashion trend by understanding the needs and requirements of the customers. Women are very conscious for their clothes so, for them boutique has business clothing, casual wear, formal wear and jeans. Along with this, boutique is also providing some accessories such as scarves, belts and hats. The boutique has set value based pricing structure which provides quality, customer services, style and easy access of products in order to attract the customers. Placement Currently, Xenia Boutique is marketing its products by the regional and local specialty shops in all over the country. Along with this, boutique is selling its clothing products by its website and the delivery charges are applied with the products. By selling the products through online stores, Xenia Boutique is able to reach more customers and market in an appropriate manner (Glowik Smyczek, 2011). Pricing policy Xenia Boutique has set the prices of the products by keeping the competition in the mind. The price range of Xenia Boutique is affordable and female customers prefer the price ranges of low to middle. Along with this, the boutique is following demand based pricing as it makes sure that company is able to develop excellent brand awareness, market share improvements and customers preferences for the brand. Along with this, market penetration strategy is also used by Xenia Boutique to keep the lower price for the clothing products and to attract more customers (Gruca Rego, 2009). ICT marketing and Promotions strategy Xenia Boutique promotes itself in variety of ways. Information related to company and products can be achieved on direct mailing, internet and direct contact. The promotional efforts of the company have aim to differentiate itself from the competitors in the market. Xenia Boutique relies on the personal contacts with the retailers in order to promote the products. This relationship is helpful for the company to convey the message to the customers including unique qualities of products and build relationships. Along with this, Xenia Boutique is also focusing on some promotional activities i.e. print advertisements, TV campaigns, web-based E-flayer, and social media advertisements. In the promotional tactics, boutique is following push strategy i.e. sales promotion to push the products towards media channels (Drummond, Ensor Ashford, 2012). Evaluation of marketing For Xenia Boutique, there is the need to draw unique marketing strategy in order to deal with competition in the retail industry. The boutique is not only manufacturing unique clothes but also promoting the products with unique strategy of marketing. For this manner, company should plan to establish strong partnership with other retailers in the Australian market. By the marketing message, logo and slogan, company is able to generate awareness about the clothing products among the customers (Dentchev, 2009). Along with this, Xenia Boutique is developing its strong connection in all the important places in the country. The partnership done by the company is beneficial in order conduct various events and target the consumers. Xenia Boutique is trying to expand its business in local community of Australia. The interactive advertisements in the local community include media coverage, direct mail marketing, print advertisement, and various campaigns. So, large amount of budget is allocate d for the print and broadcast media (Joshi, 2009). Operations Legal and licensing requirements In order to operate the business in Australian market, there is the need to fulfill some legal and licensing process. First of all, Xenia Boutique has business registration including Australian Business number (ABN), the Goods and Service Tax (GST), and Tax file number (TFN). In Licenses, Xenia Boutique has government licenses, permits, approvals, codes if practices, standards and guidelines in order to keep compliance responsibilities (Lymbersky, 2009). Organizational structure and staffing Xenia Boutique is the small business so; staff in the boutique is also small. Owners of the company has leadership role and they are also accountable for daily operations in the business i.e. buying raw material, inventory management, administrative duties and making efforts. Management philosophy is used by the company in order to develop responsibility and mutual respect. The environment and structure of the boutique increase the productivity of the business. Staff member of boutique are helpful in order to secure the sales, general maintenance of the raw material and customers services effectively (Farahmand, 2011). Xenia Boutique hires the employees and sales staff as the part time employees. The sales associates of the boutique are paid on hourly basis along with commission also. Along with this, bonuses and offers are also given to the staff members each year based their performance review annually. Staff members of boutique are focused on maintaining public relations in the re tail fashion industry (Cool Schendel, 2010). Insurance and security issues There can be various issues in the boutique business related to insurance and security. In the business, there can be issues related to information security, personal security, physical security, and health hazards. Further, there can be risks of fire hazards, visual inspection of premises, natural disasters, crime and employee training (Lee, 2009). Business premises In case of Xenia Boutique, the company is operating through online tools and website. Along with this, company has its stores also where customers can go and purchase their desired products. Location is critical to many businesses and in the fashion industry, location can wither make or break a business. Xenia Boutique has its location in Queensland which is the famous part of Australia for tourists. People come there to spend their vacations. So, it is clear that the business premises of Xenia Boutique are appropriate for the company to gain profit. Equipment required For the business of boutique, some equipment is required by the company. In order to run the business effectively and minimize the impact of risk, it is important to have proper equipments and supplies. On the basic level, there are some important equipments are stocks i.e. filing cabinet, a safe, printer, computer, scanner and shredder. In terms of equipments of sales, there is the need of cash register, shopping bags of different sizes, shopping baskets and carts, security mirrors and security systems. Along with this, there is the need of shelves, racks, POP displays, hangers and stereo system (Dant, 2009). Production processes The process of converting fabric into designer garments is described below: Design- This is the initial process from the designing phase. There are different and various patterns of clothing which are also related to the taste and preferences of the customers. This is done by contracted designers as they provide basic designs of the clothing products. On average, a designer provides 40 designs per month. Pattern making- Based on the selected design, pattern making are developed. Based on these patterns, fabrics are cut block printed, and processed accordingly (Seshadri, 2009). Stitching and finishing- The pattern making is further followed by stitching which can be done by outsourcing or house stitching. Labels are also attached with the clothing products in this process. Final phase is finishing in which products are checked in terms of quality control for the final presentation at the outlet. The garments are also tagged for the identification of prices, sizes, handling instructions and addresses etc (Mouncey Baker, 2009). Critical risks There can be various risks in the business of Xenia Boutique while operating the business in the retail industry. The risks are related fashion trends, inventory management, and business. Without proper raw material, boutique cannot be able to good quality clothing products. Further, there is another risk related to trend in the fashion market as they are continuously changing. One inappropriate strategy can damage the brand image of the company. Along with this, there can be risk related to marketing strategies. Clothing business must have effective and clear marketing strategies in order to target potential customers (Marcer, 2012). Financial projection Basic assumption and information Xenia Boutique has established its business as the fashion retailer in the clothing market. The company is providing quality fabric products to the female customers. General assumptions FY 2017 FY 2018 Short term interest rate 10.00% 10.00% Long term interest rate 10.00% 10.00% Payment days estimator 30 30 Collection days estimator 0 0 Inventory turnover estimator 8.00 8.00 Tax rate 25.00% 25.00% Expenses in cash 10.00% 10.00% Sales on credit 0.00% 0.00% Personnel Burden 15.00% 15.00% Analysis of financial forecasts Sales mix forecast Sales FY 2017 FY 2018 Sales $187,500 $286,118 Other $0 $0 Total Sales $187,500 $286,118 Direct cost of sales Sales $28,500 $28,500 Other $0 $0 Subtotal costs of sales $28,500 $28,500 Cash flow forecast Net Profit FY 2017 FY 2018 Plus: Depreciation $0 $0 Change in accounts payable $14,777 ($4,126) Current borrowings $0 $0 Increase or decrease other liabilities $0 $0 Long-term borrowings $0 $0 Capital input $0 $0 Subtotal $65,466 $128,193 Less: Change in accounts receivable $0 $0 Change in inventory ($11,875) $0 Change in other short term assets $0 $0 Capital expenditure $0 $0 Dividends $0 $0 Sub Total ($11,875) $0 Net Cash flow $77,341 $128,193 Cash Balance $77,341 $205,635 Projected profit and loss statement Profit and Loss Statement FY 2017 FY 2018 Sales $187,500 $288,118 Direct cost of sales $28,500 $28,500 Production Payroll 0 0 Other 0 0 Total cost of sales $28,500 $28,500 Gross Margin $159,000 $257,181 Gross Margin % 84.80% 90.04% Operating Expenses: Sales and marketing expenses Sales and marketing Payroll 0 0 Rent $12,100 $13,200 Travel $2,000 $2,000 Burglar Alarm $1,188 $1,188 Total sales and marketing expenses 0 0 Sales and marketing % 0.00% 0.00% General and administrative Expenses General and administrative payroll 0 0 Payroll Expense $13,200 $13,200 Payroll Burden $1,980 $1,980 Depreciation 0 0 Office supplies $220 $220 Utilities $10,080 $10,080 Insurances $876 $876 Telephone $1,080 $1,080 Total General and administrative expenses 0 0 General and administrative % 0% 0% Other expenses Other payroll 0 0 Advertising $5,027 $5,484 Loan repayment $6,820 $7,440 Inventory $28,500 $28,500 Accounting/Legal $4,800 $4,800 Total operating expenses $87,871 $90,048 Profit before interest and taxes $71,129 $167,570 Interest expense short term $3,544 $3,544 Interest expense long term 0 0 Tax Incurred $16,896 $41,006 Extraordinary items 0 0 Net profit $50,688 $123,019 Net profit/sales 27.03% 43.00% Owners personal assets and liabilities Assets Short-term Assets FY 2017 FY 2018 Cash $77,341 $205,635 Accounts Receivable $0 $0 Inventory $7,125 $7,125 Other short-term assets $0 $0 Total short-term assets $84,466 $212,760 Long term assets Capital Assets $0 $0 Accumulated Depreciation $0 $0 Total Long term assets $0 $0 Total Assets $84,466 $212,760 Liabilities and capital Accounts Payable $14,777 $10,652 Short term notes $35,444 $35,444 Other short term liabilities $0 $0 Subtotal short term liabilities $50,221 $46,096 Long term liabilities $0 $0 Total liabilities $50,221 $46,096 Paid in capital $18,299 $18,299 Retained earnings ($34,743) $15,945 Earnings $50,688 $123,019 Total Capital $34,244 $157,246 Total Liabilities and Capital $84,466 $212,760 Net worth $34,244 $157,264 Implementation timetable For implementing all the business operations and tactics, Xenia Boutique has made implementation time table. Time tale includes all the business activities i.e. setting up office, business plan completion, developing website and appointing of personnel. Implementation time table for Xenia Boutique is given below: Activity Starting date End Date Manager Concerned Department Business plan formation 1/7/2017 1/11/2017 Marketing Manager Marketing Department Office set up 1/11/2018 1/2/2018 - Owners Website development 1/2/2018 1/5/2018 Managers Information Technology department Hiring of the people 1/5/2018 1/7/2018 HR manager Human resource department References Cool, K., Schendel, D., (2010), 'Performance differences among strategic group members', Strategic Management Journal, 9(3) , pp. 207-223 Dant, S. P., (2009), Ownership Structure in Franchising: The Effect of Transaction Cost, Production Costs and Strategic Considerations, the International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 6(1), 5375 Dentchev, N., (2009), Corporate Social Performance as a Business Strategy, Journal of Business Ethics, 55(4), pg. 397 412 Drummond, G., Ensor, J. Ashford, R., (2012), Strategic Marketing: Planning and Control, (4th) London: Palgrave Macmillan Farahmand, N. F., (2011), Organizational marketing planning by management educated managers, African Journal of Marketing Management, 3(8), pp. 178-187 Glowik, M. Smyczek, S., (2011), International Marketing Management: Strategies, Concepts and Cases in Europe, Page 301, (4th), New York: Physica-Verlag Gruca, T. S. Rego, L. L., (2009), Customer Satisfaction, Cash Flow and Shareholder Value, Journal of Marketing, 69, 11530 Hoskisson, R., (2009), Business strategy: theory and cases. (6th), UK: John Murray Jones, R. M. Hayes, S. G., (2008), The UK clothing industry: Extinction or evolution? Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 8 (3), 262-278 Joshi, A. W., (2009), Continuous supplier performance improvement: Effects of collaborative communication and control: Journal of Marketing, 73(1), 133150 Lee, G. K., (2009), Relevance of organizational capabilities and its dynamics: What to learn from entrants product portfolios about the determinants of entry timing? Strategic Management Journal, 29, 12571280 Lymbersky, C. (2009), Market Entry Strategies: Text, Cases and Readings in Market Entry Management, (5th) Australia: Christoph Lymbersky Marcer, D., (2012), Marketing strategy: the challenge of the external environment. (5th) London, Washington: Sage Publications Mouncey, P. Baker, S., (2009), The market researcher's manifesto. International Journal of Market Research, 45 (4), 415433 Payne, A., Holt, S., (2008), Diagnosing Customer Value: Integrating the Value Process and Relationship Marketing. British Journal of Management, 12 (2), pp 159 182 Preble, J. F. Hoffman, R. C., (2009), Competitive Advantage through Specialty Franchising, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 15(1), 6477 Schnaars, S., (2010), Marketing strategy: a customer-driven approach, (5th) Huntington, New York: Free Press Seshadri, S., (2009), Sourcing strategy: principles, policy, and designs, India: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd Xenia Boutique, (2017), Xenia Boutique Blog News, accessed on 19th December 2017 from https://www.xeniaboutique.com.au/blogs/news

Multicultural Psychology

Human beings all over the world are characterized by unique belief systems, perceptions, and attitudes towards life which can be collectively referred to as culture. These different cultures have been found to significantly influence virtually all fields of life especially psychological studies (Hall, 2009). Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Multicultural Psychology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Various efforts have been made to understand the different cultural orientations. Psychological researchers have investigated culture in relation to psychology resulting in the development of a new field in psychological studies known as multicultural psychology. This research paper provides the definition of multicultural psychology as well as its historical development. It also examines the rationale for the establishment of multicultural psychology as a subspecialty of psychology. The society has always bee n faced with the challenge to understand the different cultures that are practiced by mankind. There has been need to establish a specific field in psychology to provide explanation of these notable differences. Multicultural psychology refers to the systematic investigation, analysis and assessment of human behaviors as they are experienced in surroundings where people of different cultural backgrounds interact (American Psychological Association, 2003). This field is mainly concerned with the understanding of the cultural differences in various aspects of day to day life experiences. These include but not limited to the various thought processes, acceptable versus unacceptable behaviors, and ‘normal’ versus ‘abnormal’ behavior orientations in life. Multicultural psychology has helped in identifying a person within different cultures and also to facilitate interaction between individuals from different cultural backgrounds. In the United States, for inst ance, people from different parts of the world (immigrants) came together to form the present day America. Despite their varying cultures, these people must encounter each other in their day to day life activities. Multicultural psychological researchers, therefore, must take into consideration the aspect of culture during their investigations. Multicultural psychology is one of the most recent and dynamic fields in psychology and has been identified as a crucial component in understanding the role of culture in psychological studies. Over the past 30 years, the study of culture (racial and ethnic) minority issues in the field of psychology has grown to what can now be seen as a significant and dynamic subspecialty in the context of American psychology. Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Multicultural psychology is currently considered as the ‘fourth force’ in psy chological studies after the much advanced behavioral, psychodynamic theories, as well as the humanistic approach to psychology (Hall, 2009). Understanding of its historical development is essential. Multiculturalism can be traced to the Civil Rights Movement that started in 1964 in the United States since this event provoked a new way of regarding the people who were initially considered inferior (Hall, 2009). Minority ethnic groups were demanding for equal treatment especially on shelter, education, and employment opportunities. The study of psychology was also affected by this transformation in the society since every field was then culturally diverse yet mutually operational. Prior provisions that guided the practice of psychology were not culturally sensitive until some psychologists pushed for the necessary changes. It was not until the beginning of the 21st century that notable changes were effected. In 2002, the APAs â€Å"Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of C onduct† were revised to include the diverse cultural issues (APA, 2003). The American Psychological Association has also established specific provisions for the enhancement of multicultural psychology (2003). There are several reasons why it was necessary to develop multicultural psychology as a unique field of study. With the development of the 2002 guidelines for multicultural psychology, this field has made significant progress as a subspecialty of psychology. Many people in the United States with different cultural backgrounds can interact mutually since they have come to appreciate the fact that the society is multicultural. Groups of people and organizations have their uniquely identifiable belief systems, values, practices, and norms that define them. The understanding of these differences facilitates healthy interactions between people. Moreover, the earlier approaches of studying psychology employed scientific dimensions in understanding human behavior. However, with the emergence of multiculturalism, a lot of emphasis has been put on culture. Subsequent psychologists have not ignored the aspect of culture in their studies. Culture is a very broad concept and some of the variables include: race, ethnicity, gender, sex, and class. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Multicultural Psychology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The broadening of perspective of psychological research to include cultural considerations has helped in the elimination of stereotype tendencies. Most of the earlier studies did not consider culture in selecting the participants which implied that the conclusions that were made were not inclusive. Multiculturalism, therefore, has helped in addressing serious problems that could not be dealt with by earlier researchers. Furthermore, the world is increasingly becoming globalized as people continue migrating resulting in multicultural societies. The de velopment of multiculturalism as a subspecialty of psychology has made it easy in conducting investigations in these diverse societies. In fact, psychology is a broad discipline dealing with human behavior in general and hence the need to develop multicultural psychology as an independent field. Understanding the differences that exist among people will also make it easy to provide appropriate interventions for the problems that psychologists face. Multiculturalism has helped in the alleviation of hatred and discrimination (APA, 2003). This subspecialty can be seen as enhancing the fields of psychology since cultural differences are viewed as part of humanity. Individual human beings need to be identified with a unique culture which shares the same interpretations and meanings of life experiences. This implies that psychological researchers must take cultural differences into consideration when carrying out their studies (Hall, 2009). The introduction of multiculturalism, particul arly in the United States, has enriched virtually all psychological investigations. From the above discussion, it is evident that multicultural psychology is crucial in the development of the broad field of psychology. It has significantly helped in understanding human behaviors from a cultural perspective where people with different cultural backgrounds co-exist. Individuals or groups have unique cultures and should be respected as such instead of being discriminated as inferior or otherwise disregarded. This field has a very recent historical background but it has proved to be a notably dynamic field of study. Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is also very important to acknowledge that multicultural psychology has brought numerous benefits on the society as well as the field of psychology in general. We can conclude, therefore, that multicultural psychology is a dynamic subspecialty of psychology that is transforming the way of looking at cultural diversity, particularly in the study of human behaviors. References American Psychological Association (2003). Guidelines for multicultural education, training, research, practice, and organizational change for psychologists. Journal of American Psychologists, 58, 377–400. Hall, N. G. C. (2009). Multicultural psychology (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall This research paper on Multicultural Psychology was written and submitted by user Brayden Meadows to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Recursos Humanos na Bayer SA Brasil - analise de um caso pratico

Recursos Humanos na Bayer SA Brasil - analise de um caso pratico 1 - INTRODUÂÆ'‡ÂÆ'ÂÆ'O:O presente trabalho visa analisar a estrutura de Recursos Humanos da empresa Bayer S.A., a missÂÆ' £o da ÂÆ' ¡rea de RH e suas atividades, comparando-a com as referÂÆ' ªncias bibliogrÂÆ' ¡ficas do curso, formulando conclusÂÆ' µes e recomendaÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' µes que poderiam ser passadas ÂÆ' empresa em pauta.BAYER S.A. - "Se ÂÆ' © Bayer, ÂÆ' © bom".Nome: Bayer S.A.EndereÂÆ' §o: Est. Boa EsperanÂÆ' §a n‚ º 650; Belford Roxo, RJ.Matriz: Rua Domingos Jorge, n‚ º 1100; Socorro, SÂÆ' £o Paulo, SP.Telefone: (021) 762-5700Atividade principal: ProduÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' £o e vendas de produtos quÂÆ' ­micos, farmacÂÆ' ªuticos e veterinÂÆ' ¡rios.N‚ º de funcionÂÆ' ¡rios: 2550 (Brasil)N‚ º de funcionÂÆ' ¡rios em RH: 21 (Bayer) mais 10 terceirizados (ADP Systems)Idade: 104 anos no Brasil (fundada em 1896)ÂÆ' rea de atuaÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' £o: Todo o territÂÆ' ³rio brasileiroEntrevista realizada em: 30/11 /2000Entrevistados: Arturo Dominguez Rodriguez (Treinamento - BR), Wilson Luiz Moura (Adm. RH) e Dr. Humberto TurlÂÆ' £o (RelaÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' µes Trabalhistas)MissÂÆ' £o da ÂÆ' ¡rea de RH - apoiar as ÂÆ' ¡reas de negÂÆ' ³cios, centrais e de apoio no recrutamento, seleÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' £o, treinamento, avaliaÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' £o e desenvolvimento dos recursos humanos da empresa.Portuguà ªs: Equipe do Bayer, de Belford Roxo.Os processos internos de RH estÂÆ' £o concentrados nas seguintes atividades bÂÆ' ¡sicas:- Recrutamento e seleÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' £o;- Treinamento;- AvaliaÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' £o de desempenho;- Desenvolvimento;- RecolocaÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' µes internas e externas;- AdministraÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' £o de salÂÆ' ¡rios e de benefÂÆ' ­cios- RelaÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' µes trabalhistas.2 - PERFIL DO GRUPO BAYER NO MUNDO:Desde 1863, a Bayer estÂÆ' ¡ presente na vida de geraÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' µes e geraÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' µes de pessoas em todo o mundo. SÂÆ' £o 350 companhias, espalhada s nos cinco continentes, que faturaram, em 1999, 27,3 bilhÂÆ' µes de Euros e contam com cerca de 120.000 funcionÂÆ' ¡rios, atuando no campo da saÂÆ' ºde humana e animal, proteÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' £o das plantas, polÂÆ' ­meros e especialidades quÂÆ' ­micas.A pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de novas soluÂÆ' §Ã‚Æ' µes sempre foi uma das principais missÂÆ' µes da empresa, na busca de uma qualidade de vida melhor aos seres...

Adipose Tissue and Resveratrol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adipose Tissue and Resveratrol - Essay Example Several studies found that Resveratrol, a plant-produced polyphenolic flavonoid, delays age-related diseases later in the lives of young laboratory animals, and alleviates existing conditions of various health illnesses, such as obesity. This substance is abundant in grape skin, nuts, and pomegranates. The mechanism by which it acts was found to be similar to that of Dietary or Caloric Restriction (DR or CR), or reduction of food intake by 30-50% by every-other-day feeding. DR has been found to delay the onset of the deleterious effects of oxidative stress and subsequent diseases and functional decline. Despite its health-improving effects, it has its contraindications. It is not suitable for the weak and ill, because they need the calories for energy. Following DR also requires enormous amount of discipline, as it demands a change in eating habits and lifestyles. Thus, there is interest in developing substances that mimics the health-improving action of DR (Pearson, et al., 2008) Ac tion on Adipose Tissue Resveratrol is found to activate sirtuins, a family of NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase SIRT1 that acts on PGC1a, which, in turn, unregulating mitochondrial gene expression and subsequently increasing metabolic efficiency (Pearson et al., 2008; Koi and Montminy, 2006). Several studies have already determined its action on various tissues and on various animals. This paper focuses on the polyphenol’s action on adipose tissues.

Gender and Development in South Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gender and Development in South Asia - Essay Example The result has been that there has developed stiff competition between the established hierarchy that dominates society and NGOs in a bid to make possible the inclusion of women in the process of development so that a truly modern and competitive world can be ushered in Asian countries. The intense competition with the established hierarchy has made it difficult for NGOs to have the impact that they desire in society but as an article that will be analyzed will show, there are some which have gained a measure of success. The gender issue, such as employment discrimination, in Asia, not only involves women, but also members of the LGBT community, who have become victims of long established traditionalist or conservative values in their societies.The White Van Stories is a 2013 documentary made by Indian filmmaker Leena Manimekalai that seeks to show the suffering that families in Sri Lanka are having as a result of women from their families having been kidnapped during the violence th at was the civil war. Manimekalai is a woman who has been a women’s rights activist for many years and she has become famous in India for standing up to the status quo and calling for more participation for women in the society. Through her experience, she managed to ensure that White Van Stories became successful in depicting the significant number of disappearances that took place in Sri Lanka during the war. Not only does it tell of the brutality suffered by women during such incidents, but it also shows the manner through which some of these individuals were kidnapped; never to be seen again by their families.

RETAIL STRATEGY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

RETAIL STRATEGY - Essay Example In the face of economic growth and radical economic volatility at home, the most attractive retailing options may lie in Asia. Although few domestic retailers are positioned to capitalize on international opportunities, virtually all retailers will be affected by the emergence of the one-world marketplace. As the international borders and barriers come down and the free flow of products goes up, even the smallest mom-and-pop store will be swept up in change. The main trends in the retail industry include fragmentation, specialization and differentiation. Increasing cultural diversity and ethnic insulation lead to market fragmentation. Certainly a number of established retailers are poised to capitalize on the one common denominator that cuts across racial and ethnic diversity--the persistent emphasis on bang-for-the- buck, or value. However, currently most retailers are ill equipped to capitalize on the new opportunities promised by market fragmentation because they do not have access to the expertise required to understand the behavioral manifestations of cultural heritage and ethnic identification (Levy and Weitz 2004). The leading retailers of the 1990s will be those that shore up the knowledge gap by recruiting, hiring, training, and promoting people or by employing outside consultants from cultural and ethnic backgrounds corresponding to those market fragments that promise the greatest profit potential (The Committee for the Histor y of Retailing and Distribution 2009). Although the UK market has grown in absolute terms, the 1990s promise smaller targets of opportunity, both in sheer size and in duration. The factors fueling population growth are conspiring to produce what some have termed "the death of the mass market--and mass marketing" (Levy and Weitz 2004). Although birthrates continue their downward trend,

Environment Pollution Caused By Construction Activities Environmental Sciences Essay

Environment Pollution Caused By Construction Activities Environmental Sciences Essay This chapter present the brief information and effects of the environmental issues happened in the Malaysian Construction Sites. This is a literature chapter review on the environmental pollution happened which caused by the construction activities in Malaysia. For example, air pollution, water pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, wastage problem, ground movements and etc. 2.2 Environment Pollution Caused by Construction Activities According to Krishnan Ganesh (2005) describe that the pollution consists of any change of the environment in physical, chemical or biological characteristics which might be endanger the human life and other life being. Besides, pollution might occurred in increasing of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other green house gases conversely decreasing in stratospheric ozone on global scale enhanced the global environmental pollution to air, water and land resources, biological diversity and human health. Based on Jennifer Gray (2010), the construction industry is a major source of pollution compound around 4% of particulate emissions, higher occurrences of water pollution incidents than any other industry and frequent complains of noise every year. However, the main areas of concern are including air, water, noise and soil pollution. Meanwhile, Zhen et al (2006) stated the dirt, harmful gases, noises, blazing lights, solid and liquid wastes, ground movements, messy, fallen item, and etc that hazards from construction site are the sources of pollution. It would also interrupt the residents near the area furthermore influence their health quality and well-being of people in the whole city. In short, construction industry at site has full of danger, difficult and dirty or even death syndrome which are to be encountered and control under certain rules regulations. However, these rules regulation of environmental protection can be imposed by the local statutory, government, and any other independent institutions. 2.2.1 Air Pollution Nancy J. Sell (1945) notes the definition of air pollution is an addition to our atmosphere of any materials having a damaging effect on life and environment. Normally are carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxides (NO), sulphur oxides (SO) and various hydrocarbons and particulates which are small particles consists of solids. The construction activities such as land clearing, operation of diesel engines, demolition, burning and working with toxic materials will contribute to air pollution. All construction activities produce high level of dust which can effects large distance over long time (Jennifer Gray, 2010). In addition, Jennifer (2010) also stated that diesel is the most critical emissions of a lot of toxic gases. Air pollution occur when the noxious vapours and other hazardous chemicals that are widely used on construction sites. The human health will be affected same as to the animal by the various types of pollutants. Most of the time, animal death can be happened by air pollutant as long it goes into the animal food sources. Damage on plant might be visible or which affect the growth, productivity and life will possess of the plants will be damaged (Nancy J. Sell, 1945). At last, the air pollution is directly linked to the human and other wild life being. This is because the poisonous air particular will damaging the respiratory systems of every living organism. Other serious diseases will also happen due to the insufficient inhaled of clean air and excessive inhaled of hazard oxygen. Therefore, the air quality is required to be controlled on construction sites moreover off the sites. 2.2.2 Water Pollution Diesel and oil, paint, solvents, cleaners and other harmful chemicals; and construction debris and dirt can be direct sources causing of water pollution. Soil erosion cause silt-bearing run-off and sediment pollution when the land is cleared. Silt and soil that run into natural waterways turn them turbid and restrict sunlight filtration and devastate aquatic life. In addition, other pollutants such as diesel and oil, toxic chemicals, and building materials from the site will be carried by the run-off of surface water. This happened to poison the water life when these substances get into waterways and any animal intake it. The source of human drinking water can be contaminated when the pollutants on construction sites soak into the groundwater which makes it much more difficult to purify than the surface water (Jennifer Gray, 2010). Based on Chiew Mynn, Jason and Joanthan (1997) shown that an example which the construction of a new golf course near the waterfall at Frasers Hill, Pahang tourism attraction. The forest nearby has been cleared, no roots to hold on to the surrounding soil and erode when the rains come. Silt and sand that comes from the construction become extremely murky and dirty as the soils run into the waterfall. Consequently, the overwhelming of construction activities surround the waterfall has lost its attraction. In short, water pollution can be affecting the health and safety of human and other wild life being gradually by intake the poisoned water sources which could not be purify completely. However, it might also cause massive damage to the building structures through the hidden running off of soil and water gradually under the foundation. Serious soil sedimentation and erosion will happen if excessive deforestation and development without proper plantation on the construction sites. Hence, the water pollution must be preventing effectively in order to provide safe and health living of building environmental. 2.2.3 Noise Pollution Noise is an increasingly omnipresent, yet underestimated, form of pollution. Long periods of exposure to relatively low levels of noise can have adverse effects on human health, such as raised blood pressure, hypertension, disrupted sleep and cognitive development in children (Kiernan, 1997), diminished working memory span, and psychiatric disorders (Bond, 1996). The vehicles, heavy equipment and machinery on construction sites create a lot of noise. Excessive noise is annoying and distracting, possible to cause loss in hearing, high blood pressure, sleep disturbance and extreme stress. Research has proven that high noise levels disturb the natural life cycles and usable habitat of animals (Jennifer Gray, 2010). As Choong Mek Zhin (2010) notes in his articles, Construction work going on at night in Kuala Lumpur and Petaling Jaya is causing many residents to lose sleep and suffer from stress due to the constant noise from the project sites. The construction works are proceeding although on public holidays. There are various noise sources on the construction sites and which reveal various types of noise which need to be managed such as background noise, idling noise, blast noise, impact noise, rotating noise, intermittent noise, howling, screeches and squeals (Lisa M. Sabitoni, 1996). Therefore, heavy noise pollution can cause mental problem of the human. This could bring a wide linkage of damages to the residential area nearby the construction sites if the noise levels are not well managed. Table below shows the noise construction activities schedule for noise limitation. Table: Typical noisy construction activities against the permissible noise limits (Khairul Sani B Samsudin, 2007) Type of Works 7am-7pm 7pm-10pm 10pm-7am Very Noisy Works e.g. piling, blasting, demolition, concreting works, use of percussion tools e.g. pneumatic hammers, etc Yes No No Moderately Noisy Works e.g. erection/dismantling of formwork, tying/fixing of steel bars, operation of cranes, loading/unloading of construction materials, etc Yes Yes No Quiet Works e.g. housekeeping, bricklaying, plastering, painting, etc Yes Yes Yes 2.2.4 Wastage Problem Waste produced by industrial operations has to be concerned as waste levels point out the appreciation of utilize of environment natural resources while the environmental issue is in concern globally. Construction industry has contributes a major waste to the overall waste volume among other industry operations annually for majority of the country. Most of the party involved in the operation do not alert of that construction waste can happen at every stage of the activities. During the stage on construction site, most of the resources are being used, therefore the major waste level are low which it can be observed for initial stage (Teoh Su Ping et al, 2009). As Ekanayake Ofori (2000) said, Construction waste can be divided into three major categories which are material, labour and machinery waste. However, material wastage is of more concern as more of the raw materials from which construction inputs are derived come from non-renewable resources. In short, waste management stands critical step to mitigate the pollution to the environment as the construction industry has contributes a major waste to the overall waste levels among the other industry operation. This is because every construction project is unique and heterogeneous which it undergoes with many various materials, methods, machinery under such long in durations. In addition, these construction wastes can cause an excessive amount of wastages which most of the inputs are produced from non-renewable resources such as timbers, steel bars, cement and sand, clay bricks, marble and gravel tiles and etc natural resources. Therefore, waste management must be operated in order to minimize the massive wastages problems and pollute the environment. 2.3 Summary Construction industry is full of challenges among the other production industry. This is because any of the pollution such as air, water, noise, waste problems and etc can be happened in the construction sites if improper protection and prevention during every single stage of the construction. Therefore, these require lots of effort in managing the conditions of the construction sites under a long period of construction time. However, some certified Environmental Management System (EMS) with valuable process and procedure is useful in the protection of environmental quality. For example, international certified ISO 14001:2004 as an EMS. Chapter 3 Concept and Principles of ISO 14001 as Environmental Management System (EMS) 3.1 Introduction This chapter is to present the concept and principles of the ISO 14001 as an EMS in Malaysian Construction Organizations. The important information including the introduction, concepts, benefits, methods, issues, challenges of processes and procedures in terms of implementing the ISO 14001 as an EMS. 3.2 Concept of ISO 14001 ISO 14001 was first published in 1996 and specified with actual requirement for an Environmental Management System (EMS). It applies to those environmental aspects which the organisation has control and over which it can be expected to have an influence. ISO 14001 is often seen as the corner stone standard of the ISO 14000 series. However, it is not only the most well known, but is the only ISO 14000 standard against which it is currently possible to be certified by an external certification authority. Having stated this, it does not itself state specific environmental performance criteria. This standard is applicable to any organization that wishes to Implement, maintain and improve an environmental management system Assure itself of its conformance with its own stated environmental policy (those policy commitments of course must be made) Demonstrate conformance Ensure compliance with environmental laws and regulations Seek certification of its environmental management system by an external third party organization Make a self-determination of conformance (ISO 14000/ ISO 14001 Environmental Management Guide, 1996) 3.3 Implementation Process of EMS based on ISO 14001 According to Sarkis (1998), who has listed down the five important steps which showing the successful implementation process of Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) based on ISO 14001. The five important steps are shown as below: Environmental policy: Firms must capture in a written document their intentions and principles in relation to their environmental behaviour. This statement must show firms commitment to comply with environmental legislation, to prevent pollution and also to potentially improve their environmental performance. It also must be accessible for the public. Planning: Firms have to identify controllable environmental aspects and determine which ones have significant environmental impacts. These are the ones that firms should attend first. Then firms have to determine the legal dimensions of these impacts (which will depend on the sector, the geographical situationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) and, based on this information, they have to establish objectives and targets as well as the EMS to achieve them. Implementation and operation: it means the allocation of human, financial and physical resources for these issues. Managers have to assign the environmental responsibilities, provide the suitable training to employees and also establish the internal and external communication channels in order to spread the environmental commitment among all the members in the organization and the stakeholders. Checking and corrective action: It includes the measurement of environmental performance, the identification of deviations by comparing targets and results and the application of corrective actions when necessary. In order to be able to carry out these activities, firms must keep environmental records and have periodical auditing of the EMSs. Management review: In order to guarantee the effectiveness and continuous improvement of the EMSs, managers have to review and get a feedback of all the policies, objectives and procedures. (Sarkis, J., 1998) At first, the organisations must comply with the environmental policies to prevent the environmental issues furthermore to improve their environmental performance. Then, the planning on controllable environmental aspects and impacts must be made in order to set up objectives and targets to be achieved by the organisations. Subsequently, experienced personnel have to apply the environmental management systems and ensure the environmental commitment has reached to every member in the organization as well as the stakeholders. Consequently, checking and corrective action must be taken which consists of environmental performance measures, comparison on divergence findings and rectifies actions. It would also required scheduled environmental records and periodical auditing of the EMS. Lastly, the management review step enables the managers to reassess and collect feedback related to the effectiveness and necessary improvement required on the policies, objectives and procedures. In short, a good EMS consists of not only the general five important steps of implementation processes but also required good integration of communication and coordination channels in between the executive personnel, managers, staffs, labours and other stakeholders. This could be the most critical point which might directly influence the effectiveness and efficiency of EMS in the entire organisations. 3.4 Benefit of Implementing ISO 14001 in Construction Organizations According to Blackmores (2008) noted, there are three (3) main categories of benefits which are financial, operational or internal and external ranges as shown below: Financial Cost savings by minimise the waste and use of natural resources such as electricity, water, gas and fuels efficiently. Identify the environmental risks and addressing the weaknesses. Helps the organisation to prevent the fines and penalties by fit to meet the environmental legislation, Indicating better risk management to helps minimising the insurance costs. Operational/Internal Improve the performance and efficiency in general Constrict the production processes, minimise in the risk of incidents and produce better efficiency Eliminate unforeseen and consistency by controlling the disruption and waste Staffs responsibility are clarified clearly Internal communications and morale improved External Express as innovative and forward thinking approach Lead to better public perception of the organization and a competitive advantage, furthermore to improve sales opportunities Lead to better community awareness of the impact of the construction activities on the local residents such as noise, smell, dust, vibration, etc. Demonstrate commitment to the environment and provide confidence to the customers, trade partners, stakeholders, regulators and local authority In addition, the implementing of ISO 14001 gives a lot of benefits such as protection of the environment; reduced operating costs; increased access to markets; demonstrated compliance with regulations; improve environmental performance; improved customer trust and satisfaction enhanced corporate image and credibility; employee involvement and education; and potential impact on world trade to allow competition on an equal basis (George Ofori et al, 2000). 3.5 Environmental Management System (EMS) Do It Yourself (D.I.Y.) Schemes by CIDB EMS DIY Schemes is a part of the effective communication plan to be jointly executed by CIDB and Stakeholders, it was designed for given the significant importance of external accreditation which encouraging the construction companies to attain the ISO 14001:2004 certification. This scheme has two certifications which are ISO 14001 EMS Certificate and the CIDB EMS Certificate. However, there are 3 main objectives which to be achieved by the CIDB as listed below: Provide formal recognition of certified contractors on commitment to excellence environmental management Convenient the employers of the contractors such as JKR, housing developers and local authorities to select certified contractors, who have practicing commitment to excellence environmental management Provide CIDB with an index for monitoring and reporting the general environmental management awareness and practice of Malaysian contractors, as reflected in the annual number of contractors certified to the two EMS certification schemes. The overall aim of these schemes is to subsidise the Malaysian contractors with a cost-effective program in order to improve their performance up to a standardised level as well as in developed countries. Meanwhile, it also helps to assist the contractors to upgrade their environmental management performance throughout the EMS certification programs. At first, the contractor has to attend the EMS Awareness Program which consists of 3 module, such as Module AP1, AP2 and AP3 in order to choose whether CIDB EMS Certification Program or ISO 14001 EMS Certification Program. This allow the contractor to understand regarding Why, How and Benefits or Implementing Systematic Environmental Management before selecting either one of the EMS Programs by CIDB. Besides, an EMS Awareness Training Certificate will be issued by the CIDB to the participant after the completion of 3 training modules in the EMS Awareness Program. After that, it is a condition precedent to carry on either one of the two EMS D.I.Y. Programs by CIDB and 3 months will be given the participants to decide after completion of EMS Awareness Program. The following table shows the EMS Awareness Program. Table: Environmental Management System Awareness Program (CIDB, 2007) Phase Period Milestones Activities Action by Man-day Support Environmental Awareness and Education 2 Months Training Module AP1 Environmental Issues Malaysia Environmental Policy Introduction to CIDB- D.I.Y Scheme. Introduction to Global Environmental Problems and Management Issues. Introduction to Malaysian environmental management policies Consultant 1 Training Module AP2 Introduction to ISO 14001 EMS Introduction to ISO 14001:2004 EMS Standard and the Requirements. Strategic EMS Implementation Plan. Consultant 1 Training Module AP3 Malaysia Environmental Legal Regulatory Requirements Awareness of the current environmental legal and regulatory requirements in the Malaysian construction industry To identify legal and other requirements and develop appropriate Legal Register Consultant 1 Total Man-day 3 3.5.1 CIDB EMS Certificate D.I.Y. Program CIDB EMS Certification Program is an EMS Program under CIDB EMS DIY Scheme which takes 6 months from Phase 1 to 4 as shown in the table below. However, the participant must undergo the EMS Awareness Program before undertake this program and it only allows the CIDB registered contractors from Class G1-G6. Conversely, Class G7 contractors are only permitted to participant for ISO 14001 EMS Certification. There are some conditions in implementation of the EMS required such as, the first year shall be for one on-going project, second year shall be for three on-going projects, third and subsequent year shall be for all projects. Meanwhile, the name of all projects involved in the implementation of EMS shall be included in the CIDB EMS certificate and annual renewal of the certificate is depend on the compliance satisfaction with the annual EMS audit requirements. The action plan of the CIDB EMS Certification Program is shown as below: Table: CIDB EMS Certification Program Processes (CIDB, 2007) Phase Period Milestones Activities Action by Man-day Support EMS Planning Documentation 2 Months Training Module CP1 EMS Plan Training to Introduce the EMS Plan (Content and Implementation Steps). Development of the EMS Plan. Consultant 2 Contractor Activity Prepare EMS Plan Contractors to prepare the EMS Plan Submit to Consultants for evaluation. Contractor Evaluation of EMS Plan 0.5 Month Module CP2 On-site Evaluation of the EMS Plan On-Site review the EMS Plan interview key staffs. Identify the EMS Implementation Project (minimum 1 construction project). Suggest improvements. Contractor 1 Contractor Activity Take Corrective Action Based on evaluation findings, contractor takes appropriate corrective action and amends the necessary documentation. Contractor Implementation of EMS Plan 2.5 Months Contractor Activity Implementing the EMS Plan Contractor implements the EMS Plan (Office and minimum 1 construction project). Contractor Module CP3/CP4/CP5 Consultancy Support on the EMS Plan Implementation Consultant will visit the contractor monthly to provide on-site implementation advices and supports. Consultant 3 CIDB Audit 1 Month Module CP6 CIDB EMS Certification Audit CIDB Appointed Auditor performs the EMS Certification Audit. CIDB Appointed Auditor 1 Contractor Activity Take Corrective Action Take corrective actions to close out the non-conformance found in the Audit. Submit corrective action plan to Auditor. Contractor Award Award of CIDB EMS Certification Certification Award after review of the corrective action plan. TOTAL MAN-DAYS 7 DAYS Registration Fee and Payment The table below states the overall registration fees to be paid. The payments are separated into 2 stages upon the start of the respective phases. Meanwhile, the registration fees need to be paid upon the Stage 1 (EMS Awareness Program). However, these payments are excluded the accommodation and travel fees of the participants. Table: CIDB EMS Certificate D.I.Y. Program Fee and Payment (CIDB, 2007) CIDB EMS Certificate D.I.Y. Program Total Fee: RM 8,500.00 Payment in 2 Stages Phases Main-Days Payment by Contractors Environmental Awareness Education 3 Stage 1 EMS Planning and Documentation Evaluation of EMS Plan 3 Stage 2 Implementation of EMS Plan CIDB Audit 3 1 It also covers the following: Award of CIDB EMS Certificate 3.5.2 ISO 14001 EMS Certificate D.I.Y. Program ISO 14001 EMS Certification Program under CIDB EMS DIY Scheme is an EMS Program by CIDB. It takes 10 months to complete from Phase 1 to 6 and it is open to every contractors. Table below shows the ISO 14001 EMS Certification Processes. Table: ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) Certification Program Phase Period Milestones Activities Action by Man-day Support EMS Appreciation 0.5 Months Training Module IP1 ISO 14001 EMS briefing for Top Management Presentation to Top Management on the EMS Objectives, Benefits, Roles and Responsibilities. Consultant 0.5 EMS Planning 2.5 Months Training Module IP2 Environmental Policy, Aspects Significant Impacts Training on methods to identify and develop Environmental Aspects Impacts. Decide Criteria and Methodology for Determining Significant Impacts. Consultant 1.5 Contractor Activity Prepare Policy, Legal Environmental Aspects Register, Implementation Plan Contractor to prepare the Environmental Policy, Legal Registers and Environmental Aspects Impacts Register. Contractor to plan develop and implementation plan and milestones. Contractor Module IP3 On-site Review Consultation on Policy, Legal Aspects Register Assessment of current EMS status against ISO 14001:2004 other legal requirements. Review the Implementation Plan Approach for the EMS implementation Consultant 2 Training Module IP 4 Objectives, Targets, KPI EMP Introduction to importance and formulation in establishing the objectives, targets, Key Performance Indication (KPI) and Environmental Management Program (EMP). Consultant 1 Contractor Activity Prepare Objectives, Targets EMP Contractor to prepare the environmental Objectives, Targets, KPI and EMP. Contractor Module IP5 On-site Review Consultation on Objectives, Targets, KPI EMP Consultant to review and finalise the Objectives, Targets, KPI and EMP established. Consultant 1 Documentation EMS Implementation 1 2.5 Months Module IP6 Off-site Preparation of EMS Manual Procedures Guidelines Off-site Preparation of Guidelines for EMS Manual Procedures specific to the contractors organisation. Consultant 1 Training Module IP7 ISO 14001 EMS Documentation Implementation Introduce and develop the EMS documentation (Manual, Procedures) and implementation programme. Softcopies provided for the Environmental System operational procedures and forms. Consultant 1 Contractor Activity EMS Documentation Implementation Contractor to prepare EMS Manual Procedures based on Consultants guidelines information provided. The template formats provided on computer disk will be used. Initiate EMS Implementation Collect the initial data. Contractor Module IP8 On-site Review Finalise the EMS Manual Procedures On-site Review Consultation on EMS Manual Procedures. Amend the documents if necessary. Consultant 1 Stage 1 Audit Documentation Audit Third Party Certification Bodys Auditor conducts Documentation Audit. Certification Body Contractor Activity Take Corrective action Based on audit findings, contractor takes appropriate corrective action and amends the necessary documentation. Contractor Documentation EMS Implementation 2 1.5 Months Contractor Activity Continue EMS implementation Continue implementing the procedures and programmes as planned e.g. Records, monitoring data, training etc. as per tasks outlined. Contractor Module IP9 On-Site Consultation on Implementation Progress On-site Monitoring Consultation on Implementation of Procedures and EMP to ensure the implementation programmes are properly in place and utilised. Consultant to provide hands on guidance. Contractor 1 Checking Management Review 2 Months Training Module IP10 ISO 14001 EMS Internal Auditor Training Conduct ISO 14001 EMS Internal Auditor Training to provide skills and knowledge on how to conduct internal audit and becoming a competent internal auditor. Consultant 2 Contractor Activity Conduct Internal Audit Take Corrective Actions Contractor to conduct internal audit to identify gaps in the systems. Auditor to prepare internal audit report and issue corrective actions request if required. Responsible personnel to take appropriate corrective actions. Contractor Module IP11 On-site Monitoring Consultation on Internal Audit and Corrective actions taken To check and review EMS Implementation progress and provide hands on guidance. To close out the Corrective Action Requests. Consultant 1 Contractor Activity Conduct Management Review Conduct Management Review to communicate and review EMS performance improvements plans. Contractor Module IP12 On-site Consultation on EMS Implementation Site Readiness On-site Monitoring Consultation on Management Review and EMP. Check site condition. Consultant 1 Contractor Activity Finalise EMS and Ensure Site Readiness Contractor to finalise EMS and ensure Site Readiness. Contractor Pre-Assessment 1 Month Module IP13 On-site Pre-Assessment Perform Pre-certification assessment to determine the conformity of the EMS implementation. Identify improvement opportunities and present pre-assessment audit

Pearl Harbor Essay -- essays research papers

Pearl Harbor I. Events before the bombing A. Reasons for Japans Expansion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Japanese were severely lacking in raw materials 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Japanese wanted to build an empire 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Japan thought that it must build up its armies to compete with the Western Powers II. Preparations A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Japanese made up a 8 point plan 1. Surprise was crucial 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  American aircraft carriers there should be the primary targets 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  U.S. aircraft there must be destroyed to prevent aerial opposition 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All Japanese aircraft carriers available should be used 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All types of bombing should be used in the attack 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A strong fighter element should be included in the attack for air cover for the fleet 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Refueling at sea would be necessary 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A daylight attack promised best results, especially in the sunrise hours B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The necessary troops were trained and ships were readied C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Peace talks came to a halt III. The Attack A. The attack was carrier based B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The attack consisted of about 300 planes C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The attack started at 7:55 a.m. IV. Aftermaths of the attack   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. American losses 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  19 ships were damaged or sunk 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2,403 people were killed 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Germany and Italy declared war on America V. Conclusion A. The war was stopped by the atom-bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The President was aware of Japan’s plans to attack C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The attack was allowed to bring Japan into the war Pearl Harbor I. Events before the bombing A. Reasons for Japans Expansion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Japanese were severely lacking in raw materials 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Japanese wanted to build an empire 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Japan thought that it must build up its armies to com... ...d first. The plan was to anger Japan and thus to drag America into the greatest war of her existence. Yet even with this â€Å"Terrible Truth† I am inclined to forgive. I sympathize with President Roosevelt and the dilemma he faced. â€Å"He was forced to find circuitous means to persuade an isolationist America to join in a fight for freedom†¦It is easier to take a critical view of this policy a half century after the event than to fully understand fully what went on in Roosevelt’s mind in the year prior to Pearl Harbor. Work Cited   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (April 10,2001).December 7,1941. [World Wide Web]. Available: URL=http://www.execpc.com/~dschaaf/overview.html   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (April 20,2001).Historychannel. [World Wide Web]. Available: URL=http://www.historychannel.com/per1/print_book.pl?ID=35502 (April 10,2001).The History Place. [World Wide Web]. Available: URL=http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/pearl.htm Louis L. Snyder. â€Å"Pearl Harbor.† Academic American Encyclopedia 1989 ed. Stackman, Michael, Target: Pearl Harbor. Honolulu: University of Hawaii   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Press, 1990