Mills Greatest Happiness Principles A Practical Guide to the Theory of Life

Life has always been a mystery to people. The humankind has been trying to unlock this secret throughout its entire existence. However, there has been very little success so far. Still, a number of theories concerning life and principles of life have been spawned. One of these theories is utilitarianism.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mill’s Greatest Happiness Principles: A Practical Guide to the Theory of Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The key principle of Utilitarianism according to its founder, John Miller, is that the right action must trigger the happiness of all those involved. However, utilitarianism is based not only on the given principle, but also on the so-called â€Å"theory of life.†Exploring the given phenomenon, one can get a little closer to discovering the meaning of life. It is a well-known fact that Mill’s key concepts are based on the so-called â€Å"theory of lif e.† The latter presupposes that people should strive for pleasure and drive the experience of pain to minimum. Alican put it in the following way: â€Å"Pleasure, and freedom from pain, are the only things desirable as ends.†1 At the given point, however, one might notice that Mill’s theory has a number of things in common with the traditional postulates of Hedonism. According to Alican, â€Å"In essence, then, Mill’s proof is an attempt to establish a theory of value, ethical hedonism.†2 Indeed, if considering Mill’s theory of life, one must admit that it presupposes following certain ethical principles when enjoying life. Nevertheless, it must be admitted that Miller’s theory borrows a lot from Hedonism. Moreover, Miller’s theory of life is practically based on Hedonism. If taking away the moral principles and the idea that any action should be aimed at both the satisfaction of self and the satisfaction of others, one will get the Hedonist principles. However, Mill’s theory involves another arguable and rather controversial element apart from the similarities with Hedonism. To be more exact, Mill denies the link between ethical theory and moral obligation. To start with, Miller asks the readers, â€Å"Does the belief that moral obligation has its seat outside the mind make the feeling of it too strong to be got rid of?†3 In the given question, Miller draws the line between the moral principles and the human mind. Hence, Mill questions the link between the moral and the ethical. Further on, Mill explains:Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is not necessary, for the present purpose, to decide whether the feeling of duty is innate or implanted. Assuming it to be innate, it is an open question to what objects it naturally attaches itself; for the philosophic supporters of that theory are now agr eed that the intuitive perception is of principles of morality, and not of the details.4 Thus, Mill specifies the difference between the moral and the ethical. Mill believes that moral is what is considered right by the society. Meanwhile, ethical, in Mill’s understanding, is what an individual believes to be right. Therefore, Mill also draws the line between the social and the personal. Hence, the theory of life also separates an individual from the society. Personally, I believe that Miller has the point. On the one hand, ethics and moral obligation are often considered the same thing. On the other hand, they often seem a mile away from each other. To demonstrate my point of view, it is necessary to consider a specific instance. For example, if an extremely poor person steals something vitally important, like medicine or food, for someone just as poor, a moral dilemma appears. A moral obligation presupposes that the thief should be imprisoned. From an ethical standpoint, ho wever, the thief had a noble thing in mind when stealing which means that the thief should be released. Therefore, Miller seems right about the difference between ethical theory and moral dilemma. What seems morally logical is not always ethically correct. There are different courses of actions for the case above. However, in either case, the conflict between the moral and the ethical will be there. An individual might consider it ethical to release the prisoner. However, according to the laws of society, it is immoral to let the criminal go. While some people consider that the given theory approached hedonism, Mill claimed that it was not. According to Mill, hedonism does not focus on the quality of the pleasure. On the contrary, in Mill’s theory, quality is the defining issue. Even though John Miller’s theory has been studied fully, the meaning of life still remains obscure. It is worth giving credit to Miller, though. With the help of his theory, he managed to devel op a completely new basis for people’s relationships. Moreover, Miller managed to provide an ethical basis for his theory. At the same time the latter does not seem preachy, which is worth appreciating.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mill’s Greatest Happiness Principles: A Practical Guide to the Theory of Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Miller emphasized the significance of a human life once again. However, he made it in a new and subtle way. The philosopher created the theory that allowed to establish completely new type of human relationships. Unselfish and aimed at everyone’s satisfaction, utilitarianism attitudes seem a very peculiar idea. Reference List 1. Alican, N. F. Mill’s principle of utility: a defense of John Stuart Mill’s notorious proof. Atlanta (GA): Rodopi; 1994. 2. Alican, N. F. Mill’s principle of utility: a defense of John Stuart Mill’s n otorious proof. Atlanta (GA): Rodopi; 1994. 3. Mill, J. S. Utilitarianism. Cambridge, (MA): Longman, Green, Reader Dyer, 1871. 4. Mill, J. S. Utilitarianism. Cambridge, (MA): Longman, Green, Reader Dyer, 1871. This essay on Mill’s Greatest Happiness Principles: A Practical Guide to the Theory of Life was written and submitted by user Cailyn Cruz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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buy custom Hospitals essay According to Naidu Narayana 1991, Toward the end of the twentieth century hospitals were presented with many challenges for increasing profitability, customer loyalty, quality of care, and market dominance. The marketing function, new to hospitals in the mid-1980s, was seen as a way to attract new customers, develop new services, and communicate "value" to potential buyers of its services. Adoption of a marketing orientation by hospitals was a necessary management strategy to achieve a competitive advantage in local markets. Marketing has been effective and hospitals that have invested in their marketing have seen an increase in customer base than their rivals in a given geographic location (Abdul-Gader Bhuian 1997). In studies that have sought to establish the correlation between marketing orientation of hospitals and their general organizational performance, it has been discovered that marketing to a great extent contributes to the hospitals performance. Defining marketing orientation in terms of market intelligence activities interfunctional coordination, and organizational responsiveness activities, , McDermott, Franzak, Little, 1993 found that the adoption of a marketing orientation by hospitals is positively associated with financial performance. In their 1997 study, Abdul-Gader Bhuian found that, different dimensions of marke orientation are associated with specific measures of performance and that responsiveness to customers and to the competition are most closely linked with financial performance of hospitals. Marketing orientation is much higher among those hospitals that have strong affiliations with other providers. This goes to show that multi-hospitals systems in marketing of healthcare are indeed effective. Looking at the issue of accountability in multi-hospital marketing indeed hospitals that come together for this purpose have mutual benefits. Thompson Hurley 1993 concluded that, While intuitively appealing to many healthcare executives, the adoption of marketing by hospitals during the last two decades of the twentieth century was highly variable. The inconsistency in the adoption of marketing was a result of a number of factors, namely the perceived lack of relevance to hospitals operating in highly regulated, yet revenue-rich, environments of the 1970s and early 1980s.As these environments became more competitive and resource-limited following the implementation of Medicare's prospective payment system, marketing was vigorously advocated as a means for hospitals to achieve organizational objectives and a competitive advantage. In conclusion therefore, marketing is not only appropriate but also vital in hospitals marketing. The last bit of the last century brought hospitals under the management of executives who undeerstood that marketing and an environment of competition would only go a long way in improving health care delivery. In the packaging of the services available in hospitals and the building of a client base, hospitals are able to invest and innovation becomes a major part of their operations. And hospitals in order to do better than their rivals i a particular location will strive to provide better services. Also, marketing has proved to be quite effective in the hospitals that have undertaken it. Several studies have made the conclusion that there is a correlation between effective marketing and revenue from operations in hospitals. Effective marketing has raised the client base in hospitals and created a sort of client loyalty to products hence they came back for more services and as a result provided more business for their chosen hospital of choice. Just like marketing in any other business sector or industry, accountability in the marketing activities of hospitals has had to be evaluated. The goal of any marketing undertaking is to increase sales and the money invested in marketing should increase sales as expected. The executives have to justify the money they spend in marketing to the hospitals as this budgeted money must show value. Where their marketing strategies do not seem to show the desired effect, a change of strategy is called for as competition ever continues top stiffen. Buy custom Hospitals essay

Firstly develop a comprehensive and detailed model of ways in which Essay

Firstly develop a comprehensive and detailed model of ways in which individuals differ,and support the categories of differences you have chosen with some kind - Essay Example Difference can be of income, wealth, power, life expectancy, intellectual caliber, sex, colour, and race in different attributes. There can be inequalities with in a group. It is very important that we measure these inequalities of population by enlisting and analyzing their attributes. (http://www-personal.umd.umich.edu/~delittle/Encyclopedia%20entries/inequality%20measurement.pdf) â€Å"No two persons are born exactly alike; but each differs from the other in natural endowments, one being suited for one occupation and the other for another.† People can be different in their thinking, feeling and behaviour. No two persons can be same but at the same time they can’t be totally unlike. So, it is very important to find ways of judging how people psychologically resemble and the variance of psychological features among them. On the basis of different intelligence and personality traits, people can be classified to a limited extent as they have complex characters resulting in contrasting and opposite theories and proof thereof. Historically, human beings differ on gender, intelligence and personality traits. Men had been hunters while women – gatherers. Some castes and classes possess sharp intellect than others. Education also helps in inculcating intellectual virtues, as intelligence is the most important individual difference based on cognitive capacity to think, reason, learn and adapt; specific jobs create different personality traits. Personality has been defined as â€Å"the supreme realization of the innate idiosyncrasy of a living being. It is an act of high courage flung in the face of life, the absolute affirmation of all that constitutes the individual, the most successful adaptation to the universal condition of existence coupled with the greatest possible freedom for self-determinat ion.†- Carl Gustav Jung, 1934 Surowiecki has added another dimension to

African American Girls Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

African American Girls - Essay Example While studying the two contradictory family settings of African American girls, it was observed that the girls with father can enjoy healthier life than those who are fatherless. The paper focuses on discussing about two types of African girls, one is the girl with father and another is without father. For the healthy development of the child the presence of father in the family is very essential. In the family setting regarding this issue, the basic characters involved are the girl, her mother, father and sometimes other members of the family such as her siblings and her close relatives. The scope of the paper is African American girl with father and her counterpart, the girl of same race without father. Here also we have to take into consideration the status of the father, that means whether the father present in the family is a biological father of the girl or he is the social father (mother’s second husband) it makes a lot of difference in the girl’s life. While com menting on the relationship of father and daughter especially in African American family, Belgrave Faye states, â€Å"Father-daughter relationship is important in the shaping of a daughter’s body image, self worth, and other self attributes.† The setting in which the relationship of a father and his daughter shapes is the family. It is the centre point from which the personality starts shaping. The bringing up and the behavioural pattern are decided by the family and the overall surrounding he/she gets especially at home. The common view of a healthy family means the presence of both father and mother. If anyone of them is missing, the life of the children gets affected adversely. Our paper basically focuses on the importance of father in shaping the life of the Black American Girls. The study aimed at focusing on the major factors of African American girls’ lives and they are as follows: The physical and mental development of African American girls and the role s of their fathers, in shaping them The second theme was to study the behavioural pattern of African American Women in the presence and absence of their fathers. While studying it was hypothesized that: The African American girls having fathers live healthier life physically and psychologically. The behavioural pattern in African American girls having fathers is more balanced and normal as compared to the girls who are fatherless. African American girls with fathers are brighter academically than the girls without fathers The African American Girls with Fathers: Fathers’ role in the physical activities of their daughters is very crucial in the family. For psychological needs, they rely on their mothers but for physical activities, they get support, encouragement and motivation from their fathers. Taylor et al. (1999) studied African American and Letina middle school girls regarding physical activity and found that African American girls ages 14 – 18 reported biological fathers positively influence their physical activity levels. Bungum and Vincent (1997) also found that fathers are instrumental in physical activity promotion among African American girls. (Tara Blackshear P. 24) In the study of Thompson (2003) it was found that African American girls require additional social support to increase physical activity behaviours, especially from their fathers. The girls are so much close both to their fathers and mothers. When it is a question of spending time with the father, they like to engage in sports activities with their fathers (such as playing sports, attending sports events, or going for any amusement with their father. While engaging with their parents, girls are equally engaged with

College Degree Essay Example for Free

College Degree Essay The quest for college degree has brought us to here HCC, because there was no real fulfillment in our various jobs. The benefits from having a college education are manifold and range from jobs satisfaction, higher earning potential, and healthier life style choices. With the advances in technology, many of todays jobs now require more than a high school education or trade skills. Success in the workforce is increasingly defined by the ability to think critically, manipulate a computer, and to work collaboratively in a teaming environment. Todays college education develops these abilities, providing individuals with invaluable business and personal skills and knowledge, as well as opening the door to better career opportunities and increased earning power. Having a college degree is linked to higher pay. People with a higher level of education are more satisfied in their jobs than people who only have a high school diploma. For example, in 2012 the median of earnings for young adults with a bachelors degree was $46,900, while the median was $22,900 for those without a high school credential and $30,000 for those with a high school credential. In other words, young adults with a bachelors degree earned more than twice as much as those without a high school credential (105 percent more) and 57 percent more than young adult high school completers. (National Center for Education Statistics website). One of the biggest arguments against a college education is not being able to  go work when you turn eighteen. Many people believe that this will cause them to fall behind and not be able save up enough money. A college education will let you skip the line and start working with better jobs, in better places, with better conditions, and on top of that, the unemployment rates for high school graduates have increased to 8.1% in the last year (Value of a Degree). The bottom line is that better jobs come from a better education. College education will help in making good choice and have a healthier life style. Apparently those with a college education are more likely to live healthier lifestyles, with fewer incidences of smoking and obesity. The gap between smoking rates of those with high school diplomas and those with four-year degrees has risen from 2 percentage points in 1962 to 17 points in 2012. College-educated adults of all ages, and their children, are also less likely to be obese. In addition, mothers with higher levels of education spend more time with their children, regardless of whether they are employed or not (Top Universities). Also in the other hand, according to Malcom X Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today. The Luck of education is a serious problem today. Some effects include illiteracy and increased drop rate, this is also leads to have a trouble finding work. It is difficult to see the exact value of your education in the beginning. However, finishing high school is an asset that everyone with the opportunity should take full advantage of. Just finishing high school opens up some doors, but not many. On the contrary, not going to school can result in higher unemployment and therefore a means for extra burden on the society. You can see from the chart that there is a dramatic difference between what a person will be paid with a diploma and as a college graduate. According to the chart a college graduate can bring home nearly fifty-percent more than a person with a high school diploma. Higher education opens up opportunities for people. It gives student the experience and the confidence that they will be able to use in many life situations. Attending college gives students opportunities to express themselves and to learn about other people and their ideas Although college isnt for everyone, everyone should at least give it a try. By going to college you learn to become independent, you go into the race for bigger, safer, better jobs, and you make more money on the other side. If you are given the opportunity to go to college, you should take advantage of it. You might even find out that you like it. The college experience is both academic and practical. College gives us a great opportunity to grow intellectually and gives us a chance to mature.

The Canadian Justice System V.s. Aboriginal People :: essays research papers

The Canadian Justice System v.s. Aboriginal People Topic: Be it resolved that the Canadian justice system be significantly changed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Canadian justice system has failed the Canadian people. It has failed the aboriginal people of this nation on a massive scale. The flawed justice system has been insensitive and inaccessible, and has arrested and imprisoned aboriginal people in grossly disproportionate numbers. Aboriginal people who are arrested are more likely to be denied bail, spend less time with their lawyers, and if convicted, are more likely to be incarcerated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is not merely that the justice system has failed aboriginal people; justice has also been denied to them. For more than a century the rights of aboriginal people have been ignored and eroded. The result of this denial has been injustice of the most profound kind. Poverty and powerlessness have been the Canadian legacy to a people who once governed their own affairs in self- sufficiency.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A significant part of the problem is the inherent biases of those with decision-making authority in the justice system. However one understands discrimination, it is clear that aboriginal people have been subject to it. They clearly have been victims of the openly hostile bigot and they have also been victims of discrimination that is unintended, but is rooted in police and law.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two specific incidents in late 1987 and early 1988 clearly illustrate this unacceptable discrimination. The first of these was the November 1987 trial of two men for the 1971 murder of Helen Betty Osborne in The Pas Manitoba. While the trial established that four men were present when the young aboriginal woman was killed, only one of them was ultimately convicted of any crime. Following the trial, allegations were made that the identity of the four individuals who has been present at the killing was widely known in the local community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On March 9, 1988, J.J. Harper, Executive Director of the Island Lake Tribal Council, died following an encounter with a City of Winnipeg police officer. The following day the police department exonerated the officer involved. Others, particularly those in the province's aboriginal community, believed that there were many questions which had been left unanswered by the police department's internal investigation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These two specific incidents are seen by many as troubling examples of the manner in which the Canadian justice system is failing aboriginal people. While the aboriginal people comprise 11.8 percent of Manitoba's population, they represent 50 percent of the province's prison population.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Canada's treatment of its first citizens has been an international disgrace. Unless we take every needed step to redress this problem, this lingering injustice will continue to bring tragedy and suffering to aboriginal

Payroll Accounting

Chapter 1 Quiz 1. Which of the following laws has as one of its major provisions the establishment of the minimum wage? a. Fair Employment Laws b. Federal Unemployment Tax Act c. Federal Insurance Contributions Act d. Social Security Law e. Fair Labor Standards Act 2. Which of the following acts covers employee pension and welfare plans? f. Age Discrimination in Employment Act g. Employee Retirement Income Security Act h. Family and Medical Leave Act i. Federal Insurance Contributions Act j. Federal Unemployment Tax Act 3.Which of the following statements is not a provision of ERISA? k. ERISA requires each employer to establish a pension plan l. All of these choices are provisions of ERISA m. ERISA provides that all employees are eligible to set up their own individual retirement accounts n. ERISA establishes minimum vesting schedules that protect the worker’s benefits o. ERISA applies to pension and welfare plans established by any employer engaged in commerce. 4. Which of th e following is not a provision of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)? . Restricts the employment of child labor q. Forbids discrimination in hiring r. Mandates equal pay for equal work, regardless of sex s. Sets up minimum wage t. All are provision of the FLSA 5. Which of the following bases for discrimination in employment practices is not covered in Title VII of the civil Rights Act of 1964 as amended? u. Color v. National origin w. Age x. Religion y. Sex 6. Medicare is a two=part health insurance program that was part of an amendment to what act? z. Federal Insurance Contributions Act . Federal Unemployment Tax Act |. Federal Income Tax Withholding Law }. Age Discrimination in Employment Act ~. Fair Labor Standards Act 7. Which of the following act deals with the minimum wage paid to laborers for contractors who supply materials to any agency of the United States? . Walsh-Healey Public Contracts . Davis-Bacon . NcNamara-O’Hara Service Contract . None of these choices are correct . Federal Insurance Contributions 8. Which of the following is used to complete each employee’s Form W-2, Wage and Tax Statement? Change in payroll rate form . Employee’s individual retirement account . Payroll register . Employee’s earning record . Employee’s paycheck 9. Which of the following items does not always appear on both the payroll register and the employee’s earnings record in the weekly payroll recording? . Net amount of the paycheck . Cumulative earnings . Gross weekly pay . Federal income tax deducted . All of these choices appear on both records 10. The employee’s earnings record is a listing of a firm’s complete payroll for each pay periods. . True . False